美国总统对乌克兰的访问对俄罗斯领导人来说是一个沉重的打击。

作者: 艾略特·A·科恩 (Eliot A. Cohen)

美国东部时间 2023 年 2 月 20 日上午 10:29。

远程导弹很重要。 超精确炮弹、地对空导弹和冬季气象装备也是如此; 在英国乡村或泥泞的 Grafenwöhr 演习场进行的训练; 以及从太空中的眼睛和在战区外盘旋飞机上提供的情报。

但乔·拜登总统对基辅的访问与其中任何一项都一样重要。

其他政府首脑在拜登之前,赢得了应得的荣誉。 但当美国总统——实际上是自由世界的领袖——出现时,情况就完全不同了。 他的话很重要。 他承诺“我们将坚定不移地致力于乌克兰的民主、主权和领土完整。” 更重要的是,称美国将“在需要的时候”与乌克兰站在一起。

形象很重要:柏林墙前的肯尼迪或里根,抽着雪茄和圆顶礼帽的丘吉尔,而今,身着绿衣的泽伦斯基大声地说:“我需要弹药,而不是搭便车。” 仅仅通过危险的基辅之行,拜登就采取了一项至关重要的战略举措。

虽然总统显然打算增强乌克兰的信心,以及矛盾的欧洲人和新孤立主义美国人的承诺,但正如他对西方力量的评论所表明的那样,他真正的听众在别处。 俄罗斯散播了一系列关于在乌克兰取得胜利的理论——基辅的领导人会逃跑,乌克兰人民不会战斗,它的军队会被突然的闪电战或猛烈的攻击击垮。 它已沦为最后的希望:弗拉基米尔·普京的意志比乔·拜登的意志更强大。 拜登只是用行动和言语说,“哦,不,不是。”

但拜登的到访是对俄罗斯领导人的一击。 俄罗斯人收到了这次旅行的消息,我们被告知——可能是明示或暗示的威胁,如果他们试图干涉它,他们将得到暴力和压倒性的回应。 对于像普京这样痴迷于力量的领导人来说,这是一个打击。 他自己的人会悄悄或公开地问:“为什么我们不能阻止这一切?” 未明说的答案必须是,“因为我们害怕。”

一位戴着标志性飞行员太阳镜走在阳光明媚的基辅市中心的美国总统与好斗而雄辩的乌克兰总统以及一位尚未访问战区的俄罗斯总统之间的视觉对比也很引人注目。 更不用说与其他人打成一片、握手、拥抱和拍背的美国总统与与下属保持身体距离的俄罗斯总统之间的区别。 克里姆林宫的好战言论不会改变这些视觉图像,这些图像将在俄罗斯和世界各地看到。

这不是噱头,而是政治家的行为。 拜登的访问正值许多事情悬而未决之际。 按照美国政府的说法,中国人已经开始叫嚣要武装俄罗斯,这将是这场战争的一个非常大的变化。 包括亚洲民主国家在内的西方盟友已经开始动员他们的军事工业。 俄罗斯的攻势本应在入侵周年纪念日期间取得巨大收益,但结果却让顿巴斯铺满了数千名士兵的尸体,他们太晚才知道,正如一位第一次世界大战的法国将军所说的那样,“火灾致死”。 与此同时,乌克兰正在建立自己的反攻力量。

俄乌战争不仅是一场人道主义灾难,是危害人类罪的骇人听闻的集合,是对庄严协议和国际法的严重违反。 它也是一个分水岭,国际体系的未来将在很大程度上决定于此。 如果独裁者如愿以偿,它可能会导致一个非常黑暗的时代,与 1930 年代和 40 年代的黑暗无异。 但如果自由民主国家团结起来,展现出他们之前表现出的决心、进取心和军事能力,这种结果仍然可以避免。

为此,没有什么比美国的领导地位、恢复过去几十年被浪费或分散的声望和影响力更重要的了。 我们离这场战争的结束还差得很远,需要做很多有形的事情才能使冲突接近尾声。 言语和手势是关键的,但只有在伴随着行动的情况下。 但就目前而言,通过迈出大胆的一步,拜登总统已经让乌克兰、欧洲和法律下的自由事业的未来更加光明。

艾略特·科恩 (Eliot Cohen) 是《大西洋月刊》的特约撰稿人。 他是约翰霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院的Robert E. Osgood 教授和战略与国际研究中心的Arleigh Burke 战略主席。

顾震帝整理,2023年,2月,21号。

11,436 thoughts on “国际视角(六)《拜登刚刚摧毁了普京最后的希望》 ”
  1. Текст

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  2. Water and life
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    Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.

    Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.

    “Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”

    However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
    Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.

    “We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”

    Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”

  3. Water and life
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    Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.

    Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.

    “Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”

    However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
    Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.

    “We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”

    Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”

  4. Water and life
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    Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.

    Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.

    “Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”

    However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
    Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.

    “We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”

    Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”

  5. Tbilisi, Georgia — Jailed journalist Mzia Amaghlobeli gets weaker every day as her hunger strike has reached three weeks in Rustavi, a town near the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, her lawyer says. Now the 49-year-old is having difficulty walking the short distance from her cell to the room where they usually meet, and human rights officials, colleagues and family fear for her life.
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    Amaghlobeli was arrested Jan. 12 during an anti-government protest in the coastal city of Batumi, one of over 40 people in custody on criminal charges from a series of demonstrations that have hit the South Caucasus nation of 3.7 million in recent months.
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    The political turmoil follows a parliamentary election that was won by the ruling Georgian Dream party, although its opponents allege the vote was rigged.

    Protests highlight battle over Georgia’s future. Here’s why it matters.
    Its outcome pushed Georgia further into Russia’s orbit of influence. Georgia aspired to join the European Union, but the party suspended accession talks with the bloc after the election.

    As it sought to cement its grip on power, Georgian Dream has cracked down on freedom of assembly and expression in what the opposition says is similar to President Vladimir Putin’s actions in neighboring Russia, its former imperial ruler.
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  6. Kate Winslet had a surprising ‘Titanic’ reunion while producing her latest film ‘Lee’
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    Kate Winslet is sharing an anecdote about a “wonderful” encounter she recently had with someone from her star-making blockbuster film “Titanic.”

    The Oscar winner was a guest on “The Graham Norton Show” this week, where she discussed her new film “Lee,” in which she plays the fashion model-turned-war photographer Lee Miller from the World War II era.
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    Winslet recounted that while she had previously executive produced a number of her projects, “Lee” was the first movie where she served as a full-on producer. That required her involvement from “beginning to end,” including when the film was scored in post-production.

    She explained to Norton that when she attended the recording of the film’s score in London, while looking at the 120-piece orchestra, she saw someone who looked mighty familiar to her.

    “I’m looking at this violinist and I thought, ‘I know that face!’” she said.

    At one point, other musicians in the orchestra pointed to him while mouthing, “It’s him!” to her, and it continued to nag at Winslet, prompting her to wonder, “Am I related to this person? Who is this person?”

    Finally, at the end of the day, the “Reader” star went in to where the orchestra was to meet the mystery violinist, and she was delighted to realize he was one of the violinists who played on the ill-fated Titanic ocean liner as it sank in James Cameron’s classic 1997 film.
    “It was that guy!” Winslet exclaimed this week, later adding, “it was just wonderful” to see him again.

    “We had so many moments like that in the film, where people I’ve either worked with before, or really known for a long time, kind of grown up in the industry with, they just showed up for me, and it was incredible.”

    “Lee” released in theaters in late September, and is available to rent or buy on AppleTV+ or Amazon Prime.

  7. Tbilisi, Georgia — Jailed journalist Mzia Amaghlobeli gets weaker every day as her hunger strike has reached three weeks in Rustavi, a town near the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, her lawyer says. Now the 49-year-old is having difficulty walking the short distance from her cell to the room where they usually meet, and human rights officials, colleagues and family fear for her life.
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    Amaghlobeli was arrested Jan. 12 during an anti-government protest in the coastal city of Batumi, one of over 40 people in custody on criminal charges from a series of demonstrations that have hit the South Caucasus nation of 3.7 million in recent months.
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    The political turmoil follows a parliamentary election that was won by the ruling Georgian Dream party, although its opponents allege the vote was rigged.

    Protests highlight battle over Georgia’s future. Here’s why it matters.
    Its outcome pushed Georgia further into Russia’s orbit of influence. Georgia aspired to join the European Union, but the party suspended accession talks with the bloc after the election.

    As it sought to cement its grip on power, Georgian Dream has cracked down on freedom of assembly and expression in what the opposition says is similar to President Vladimir Putin’s actions in neighboring Russia, its former imperial ruler.
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  8. A job for the Webb space telescope
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    “We got 53 candidates for anomalies that cannot be well explained, but can’t say that all of them are Dyson sphere candidates, because that’s not what we are specifically looking for,” said Gabriella Contardo, a postdoctoral research fellow at the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, who led the earlier study. She added that she plans to check the candidates against Suazo’s model to see how many tie into it.
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    “You need to eliminate all other hypotheses and explanations before saying that they could be a Dyson sphere,” she added. “To do so you need to also rule out that it’s not some kind of debris disk, or some kind of planetary collision, and that also pushes the science forward in other fields of astronomy — so it’s a win-win.”

    Both Contardo and Suazo agree that more research is needed on the data, and that ultimately they could turn to NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope for more information, as it is powerful enough to observe the candidate stars directly. However, because of the lengthy, competitive procedures that regulate use of the telescope, securing access might take some time.
    If Dyson spheres really exist, what could they be used for? “If you picture ourselves having as much energy as the sun is providing every second, we could do unheard of things,” Suazo said. “We could do interstellar travel, maybe we could even move the entire solar system to our preferred location, if we wanted.”

    But don’t hold your breath, because the technology and the raw materials required to build the hypothetical structures are far beyond humanity’s grasp.

    “They are so big that everything we have on Earth would not be enough to build them,” Suazo added. “Freeman Dyson said that we should dismantle Jupiter — the whole planet (for the raw materials).”

    That supercolossal scale probably means that Dyson spheres, if they exist at all, are very rare.

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