联合国大会周四呼吁结束乌克兰战争,并要求俄罗斯根据《联合国宪章》立即从乌克兰撤军。

在其第十一次紧急特别会议续会上,世界机构通过了一项呼吁结束战争的新决议,就在周五冲突进入第二年的几个小时前。

联合国大会通过了一项决议,要求俄罗斯撤离乌克兰。

赞成:141

反对:7

弃权:32

结果是 141 个成员国赞成,7 个反对——白俄罗斯、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、厄立特里亚、马里、尼加拉瓜、俄罗斯和叙利亚。 在 32 票弃权票中,有中国、印度和巴基斯坦。

根据这份包含 11 段的决议,大会重申要求俄罗斯“立即、完全和无条件地从乌克兰领土上撤出所有军队,并呼吁停止敌对行动”。

解决战争的全球影响

大会通过该决议敦促会员国本着团结精神进行合作,以应对战争对粮食安全、能源、金融、环境以及核安全与安全的全球影响。 强调持久和平的安排应考虑这些因素,大会还呼吁所有国家支持秘书长努力应对这些影响。

续会于周三举行会议,开始辩论该决议,大会主席乔巴·克勒西 (Csaba Kőrösi) 表示,在整整一年中,拥有193 名成员的大会、秘书长和国际社会,在我们结束这场战争、遵守联合国宪章和国际法的呼吁中”始终如一,直言不讳”。

所有受害者的正义

大会还重申其对乌克兰在其国际公认边界内的主权、独立、统一和领土完整的承诺,该边界延伸至其领海。

该决议还强调有必要通过独立的国家或国际调查和起诉,确保追究在乌克兰犯下的国际法规定的最严重罪行的责任,以确保为所有受害者伸张正义并预防未来的罪行。

被拒绝的提案

该世界机构周四还拒绝了白俄罗斯提出的两项修正案。 第一项提案将修改决议的若干条款,第二项提案将要求大会呼吁会员国,除其他事项外,不要向冲突地区运送武器。

“历史的新篇章”

在周三的续会开始时,大会主席表示,在这个“历史的新篇章”中,世界正面临“关于我们作为一个国际社会是谁的严峻选择。 这些选择要么使我们走上团结和集体决心维护《联合国宪章》宗旨的道路,”他说,“要么走上侵略、战争、违反国际法常态化和全球行动崩溃的道路。”

在 2022 年 2 月 24 日入侵乌克兰几天后,在俄罗斯否决了一项谴责入侵乌克兰的决议后,联合国安理会成员投票允许大会召开第十一次紧急特别会议。

根据 1950 年通过的第 377A(V) 号决议,大会可以在安理会无法处理的情况下,处理国际和平与安全事务。

顾震帝整理,2023年2月24日。

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