作者:Alton Frye
烏克蘭對俄羅斯战争取得令人印象深刻的軍事勝利的故事中缺少了一些東西。 這一成功的关键是一個名為和平夥伴關係 (PfP) 的計劃。
自 1990 年以來,烏克蘭一直是積極的參與者,這一經歷對於基輔利用北約不斷擴大的支持的能力來說是不可或缺的。
PfP 的概念根源於喬治 H.W. 布什,但在克林頓和喬治·W·布什政府期間,它成為一項嚴肅的任务。支持者認為它比正式擴大北約更可取,北約擴大是一個需要擴大條約第 5 條對每個成員國領土完整的保證的過程。
PfP 選項是那些反對北約擴大的人爭論的核心。 由丹尼爾·帕特里克·莫伊尼漢 (DN.Y.) 和約翰·華納 (R-Va.) 領導的兩黨參議員小組贊成與前蘇聯衛星國積極開展安全合作,但認為讓他們成為正式聯盟成員既沒有必要也不明智。 許多其他領導人懷疑北約早期擴張是否明智,認為俄羅斯潛在的複仇主義可以通過合作而不是將聯盟的邊界延伸到莫斯科來阻止。
在重要的方面,對俄羅斯侵略的反應證明了北約擴張的支持者和反對者都是正確的。 烏克蘭與北約的密切關係早在 1991 年就開始了,並在三年後基輔加入 PfP 時呈現出更多的官方關係。
這些不僅僅是名義上的聯繫; 他們促進了烏克蘭軍隊與北約幾個軍事機構之間的實地工作安排。 幾十年來,這種關係通過各種憲章、理事會和委員會不斷發展,特別是 1997 年的獨特夥伴關係憲章。 北約-烏克蘭委員會 (NUC) 在 2009 年的附加協議的支持下監督了範圍廣泛的規劃、培訓、桌面演習以及最重要的行動合作。
20 多年來,北約聯絡處促進了烏克蘭能力的現代化及其與盟軍的互操作性。 這些努力通常是雙邊的,因此烏克蘭軍官和軍隊與鄰國建立了密切的關係。
烏克蘭協助北約在巴爾乾地區的維和行動,包括在科索沃部署重型工程部隊。 它參與了穩定阿富汗局勢的多國努力,提供了寶貴的飛越權,並派遣醫務人員和教官幫助該國苦苦掙扎的軍隊。 烏克蘭軍官是北約在伊拉克訓練任務的一部分,烏克蘭船隻多次部署以支持地中海的反恐和反海盜監視。
這種實際的 PfP 活動網絡意味著,當俄羅斯在 2022 年發動大規模入侵時,烏克蘭準備充分利用北約的支持。
烏克蘭在戰場上的成功在很大程度上也歸功於附近的北約成員國,尤其是波蘭和波羅的海國家,他们準備支持基輔。 他們和其他聯盟夥伴吸收了戰爭造成的大量難民潮,並一直強烈主張向烏克蘭提供更好的武器。
北約東擴改變了鄰里關係。 基輔在加入該聯盟的北約政府中找到了熱心支持者,作為該進程的一部分。 當然,這些國家對俄羅斯侵略的危險最為敏感。 即使他們不是北約成員,他們的興趣也在於支持烏克蘭和阻止俄羅斯未來的侵略前景。 然而,他們的成員身份極大地增強了他們在塑造聯盟戰爭態勢方面的影響力。
如果不注意俄羅斯自身與北約的關係,這種背景將是不完整的。 蘇聯的解體從根本上改變了歐洲的安全格局,因此必須設計一種新的穩定結構。 北約被證明是基石,但它真誠地尋求將俄羅斯包括在內。 1997 年,北約俄羅斯成立法案為兩國關係制定了一套建設性原則,俄羅斯也很快加入了 PfP。
在一個充滿希望的時期,當時的總統德米特里梅德韋傑夫被問及俄羅斯是否真的可能成為北約成員。 他說還沒有提出要約,但“永遠不要說永遠不會。” 俄羅斯強烈反對美國轟炸塞爾維亞,但也有重要的合作,莫斯科為對阿富汗的國際干預運輸非軍事貨物就突顯了這一點。
可悲的是,那些良性聯繫動搖了。 莫斯科認為北約在中歐的安排是敵對的,而不是防禦性的。 俄羅斯被弗拉基米爾·普京的恐懼和野心所俘虜,使自己成為了它本不需要成為的棄兒。
顾震帝整理。02/15/2023
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (e.g., Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and Aspirin) and paracetamol seem like essentially the most useful. On a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain), the median score of pelvic ache in those utilizing testosterone was 6.2. This is slightly decrease than the median rating of 6.7 reported for interval ache severity previous to commencement of testosterone. Moreover, it is essential to monitor any adjustments within the dimension or appearance of the clitoris and report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare supplier. Common check-ups and discussions along with your healthcare provider are essential to ensure that any potential issues or concerns are addressed promptly. Lastly, self-acceptance and self-love are essential in the course of the transition process.
Stay related to every thing trans — from gender-affirming care to FTM and MTF transitions, trans tradition, events, and more — by signing up for our publication. Hello everybody, I was wondering if anyone who was born someplace on the Prader scale (other than typical genitalia obviously) had any bottom progress results happening testosterone. /r/TransMasc is a subreddit for all transmasculine folks; whether or not you are FTM, pre-everything, nonbinary, genderqueer, or any other transmasculine identification. A subreddit for people of each stripe who feel that they do not match into a preference-binary or gender-binary culture. All digital and in-person consultations with our board-certified surgeons are free.
A examine printed within the International Journal of Transgender Health discovered that almost all of AFAB individuals famous athletes who used steroids – https://skitterphoto.com/photographers/484420/church-hyde – had been taking testosterone skilled a point of backside growth. Nonetheless, the extent of progress varied tremendously among members, with some reporting minimal adjustments and others experiencing more vital growth. Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key position in the growth of secondary sexual characteristics in males, together with the expansion of facial and body hair.
Make positive you choose a pump that has a cylinder twice so lengthy as your bottom progress length and a minimum of 50 percent wider than your width. Typical backside development on testosterone therapy is roughly 1 to four cm. One small examine about backside surgical procedure reported the common size of bottom development measured from 2.5 cm to 4 cm in the study individuals who finally underwent surgical procedure. When it comes to testosterone HRT and backside growth, here’s what you should find out about unwanted effects, backside development, and T hormone remedy dosages. If you transition hormonally, you can’t predict or entirely control the order that you’re going to experience adjustments.
Pumps can be utilized before beginning T or whereas on T, and it’s at all times a good suggestion to make use of lube when pumping to lower discomfort. Backside growth is a phrase that many transgender individuals use to explain the method of clitoral hypertrophy, or the clitoris growing in size and width whereas taking testosterone. Nearly all people will have some backside development as a facet effect of T hormone substitute remedy. People expertise genital adjustments in a special way, which might depend upon their doses of testosterone and testosterone levels. For transgender males, backside dysphoria can be a significant challenge to their mental health and overall well-being.
Every individual’s response to testosterone is exclusive, so it is tough to predict exactly how a lot bottom development any given individual will experience. It’s advisable to have sensible expectations and to focus on the broader physical and emotional changes that testosterone can convey. When taking testosterone as part of gender transition, one of many changes that individuals may hope to see is the growth of facial and physique hair, often recognized as bottom growth. Nevertheless, the pace at which this growth happens can vary from individual to individual.
Among the quite a few procedures that transgender individuals could endure are FTM backside progress injections. These have to be administered by a medical professional to be each secure and efficient. So, it’s value studying extra about testosterone and the method it can benefit those that endure this process. Similarly, many FTM people have shared their positive experiences with pumping on online boards and support teams. They report an increase in size and sensitivity of their genitalia, which has positively impacted their total confidence and vanity. Moreover, whereas some individuals might even see vital adjustments via FTM pumping alone, others could not experience any noticeable progress.
I don’t essentially need any bottom progress, but I know I’m going to get it, so I actually have accepted it lol I simply need someone/anyone to inform me precisely how their clitoris modified being on testosterone. As A End Result Of most individuals appear to need lots of bottom growth, and since I don’t, taking a glance at all of the posts that discuss how much you get makes me extra anxious obviously. Additionally, do not forget that adjustments may occur differently in numerous people due to elements such as age, genetics, and lifestyle. Subsequently, have sufficient sources and a supportive community around you that may encourage you on your journey. Karekare has been using testosterone for some time, and he noticed a big change as his bottoms began to grow. He had skilled backside dysphoria as an FTM particular person, but the remedy enabled him to beat the problem. If you could have such feelings, share them together with your mental health caregiver.
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