发布时间为 2023 年 3 月 2 日星期四 

作者:宫下麻子。

我在日本长大,在那里我从小就被教导要将食物视为药物。 我的祖母今年 92 岁,她也将自己的长寿归功于吃对了食物。

日本是世界上一些寿命最长的人的故乡:现在有90,526 名百岁老人,即 100 岁及以上的人。 根据厚生劳动省 2022 年的一份报告,这是二十年前的五倍多。

日本偏远的小岛冲绳岛被选为世界上百岁老人最集中的地方。

作为一名遵循传统日本饮食的营养师,这里有五种我和我的家人每天吃的食物,以保持健康和长寿:

1. 日本红薯。

这些紫甘薯(日语称为“imo”)来自冲绳,通常作为零食或甜点食用。

它们富含健康的碳水化合物和花青素,这是一组存在于红色和紫色蔬菜中的抗氧化剂,具有抗衰老特性。

研究还表明,它们可以帮助改善血糖水平并降低患心血管疾病的风险。

2.味噌汤(酱汤)。

日本人的饮食中包含各种含有发酵食品的菜肴,味噌汤是其中一种很受欢迎的。 味噌是由发酵的大豆和谷物制成的糊状物(黄酱)。

发酵食品中的益生菌、活细菌或酵母可以帮助平衡我们的肠道健康并增强免疫系统。

一项研究发现,与很少食用这些食物的人相比,食用最多发酵大豆(如味噌、豆腐和豆豉)的男性和女性因各种原因早逝的几率要低 10%。

3.白萝卜。

根茎类蔬菜在日本烹饪中很受欢迎,并提供许多独特的健康益处。

众所周知,萝卜有助于预防感冒和增强免疫系统。 一个萝卜含有每日推荐摄入量的 124% 的维生素 C。

其他健康的根茎类蔬菜(在美国杂货店可能更容易找到)包括胡萝卜、甜菜、防风草和萝卜。

4.海带。

海藻富含铁、钙、叶酸和镁等重要矿物质。

每天吃它有助于在我的饮食中添加纤维。 摄入足够的纤维与降低患心脏病、中风、高血压和 2 型糖尿病的风险有关。

海藻还含有岩藻黄质和岩藻依聚糖等抗氧化剂,它们都具有抗炎、抗衰老和抗癌的特性。

5.鱼。

我总是在日常饮食中加入一些蛋白质,尤其是鲑鱼和金枪鱼等富含脂肪的鱼类。 鱼中的 omega-3 脂肪有助于降低血压、降低甘油三酯和缓解炎症。

在日本,我们经常在饭前说“itadakimasu”,意思是“我谦卑地接受”,以表达我们对动物和农民的感激之情。我相信这种正念饮食的做法有助于我们的健康和生活质量。

Asako Miyashita,MS,RDN,CDN,是一名注册营养师,在长寿研究方面拥有 20 年的经验。 他在日本东京出生长大,在工作中运用西方和东方的视角来帮助改善客户的健康。 他曾在包括美国日本医学会在内的多所大学和组织担任客座讲师。 在 Instagram 上关注他@miasako。

顾震帝整理,2023年,3月,3日。

32,087 thoughts on “国际视角(11)《我是来自日本的营养师,那里是世界上最长寿的人的故乡——这里有 5 种我们每天吃的长寿食物》 ”
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    Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
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    But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.

    “The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”

    A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.

    (There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)

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    On Earth, our sense of one day is governed by the fact that the planet completes one rotation every 24 hours, giving most locations a consistent cycle of daylight and darkened nights. On the moon, however, the equator receives roughly 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of darkness.

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    “It’ll be challenging” for those astronauts, Betts added. “It’s so different than Earth, and it’s just a whole different mindset.”

    That will be true no matter what time is displayed on the astronauts’ watches.

    Still, precision timekeeping matters — not just for the sake of scientifically understanding the passage of time on the moon but also for setting up all the infrastructure necessary to carry out missions.

    The beauty of creating a time scale from scratch, Gramling said, is that scientists can take everything they have learned about timekeeping on Earth and apply it to a new system on the moon.

    And if scientists can get it right on the moon, she added, they can get it right later down the road if NASA fulfills its goal of sending astronauts deeper into the solar system.

    “We are very much looking at executing this on the moon, learning what we can learn,” Gramling said, “so that we are prepared to do the same thing on Mars or other future bodies.”

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    Exactly who pays for lunar clocks, which type of clocks will go, and where they’ll be positioned are all questions that remain up in the air, Gramling said.

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    Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
    “You never trust one clock,” Gramling added. “And you never trust two clocks.”

    Clocks of various types could be placed inside satellites that orbit the moon or perhaps at the precise locations on the lunar surface that astronauts will one day visit.

    As for price, an atomic clock worthy of space travel could cost around a few million dollars, according Gramling, with crystal oscillators coming in substantially cheaper.

    But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.

    “The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”

    A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.

    (There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)

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    To add more complication: Time also passes slower the faster a person or spacecraft is moving, according to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

    Astronauts on the International Space Station, for example, are lucky, said Dr. Bijunath Patla, a theoretical physicist with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, in a phone interview. Though the space station orbits about 200 miles (322 kilometers) above Earth’s surface, it also travels at high speeds — looping the planet 16 times per day — so the effects of relativity somewhat cancel each other out, Patla said. For that reason, astronauts on the orbiting laboratory can easily use Earth time to stay on schedule.
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    For other missions — it’s not so simple.

    Fortunately, scientists already have decades of experience contending with the complexities.

    Spacecraft, for example, are equipped with their own clocks called oscillators, Gramling said.

    “They maintain their own time,” Gramling said. “And most of our operations for spacecraft — even spacecraft that are all the way out at Pluto, or the Kuiper Belt, like New Horizons — (rely on) ground stations that are back on Earth. So everything they’re doing has to correlate with UTC.”
    But those spacecraft also rely on their own kept time, Gramling said. Vehicles exploring deep into the solar system, for example, have to know — based on their own time scale — when they are approaching a planet in case the spacecraft needs to use that planetary body for navigational purposes, she added.

    For 50 years, scientists have also been able to observe atomic clocks that are tucked aboard GPS satellites, which orbit Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 kilometers) away — or about one-nineteenth the distance between our planet and the moon.

    Studying those clocks has given scientists a great starting point to begin extrapolating further as they set out to establish a new time scale for the moon, Patla said.

    “We can easily compare (GPS) clocks to clocks on the ground,” Patla said, adding that scientists have found a way to gently slow GPS clocks down, making them tick more in-line with Earth-bound clocks. “Obviously, it’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s easier than making a mess.”

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